All eye allergies affect the conjunctiva, which is the mucous membrane covering the white of the eye and inner eyelids.

The substance to which the person is allergic (allergen) causes the conjunctiva to become inflamed, which in turn leads to the enlargement of the blood vessels in the conjunctiva causing them to become congested (eye congestion), resulting in the eye becoming bloodshot and red in appearance.

Allergic Conditions of the Eye.

Allergic Conjunctivitis. Also known as ‘allergic rhino conjunctivitis.

-          Usually seasonal since it is associated with pollens and hay fever.

-          Some indoor allergens such as the minute skin particles shed from pets can cause an allergic reaction, as can the dust from indoor mites and molds.

-          The signs of the allergy will usually be expressed as itchiness, a watery discharge and some eyelid swelling, these symptoms are associated with the release of histamine from the mast cells.

-          Treatments include the use of antihistamines and decongestants like Loratadine and Cetirizine.

Conjunctivitis and Atopic Dermatitis. This condition is associated with the inflammation of the conjunctiva and the cornea, and is also called ‘atopic keratoconjunctivitis ‘  (kerato means referring to the cornea).

-          This form of allergy usually affects young teen boys in whom it is much more common than in girls.

-          It is more common in youngsters who have experienced atopic dermatitis in childhood.

-          The signs include itchiness, red areas around the eyelids which may also show scaling and crusts associated with a discharge from the eye itself.

-          Causes of this eye allergy seem to be allergens in the diet of the affected person, and attention should be paid to such foods as fish, milk, eggs.

-          Dander from household pets and dust from mites are also thought to be a contributory cause

-          Again for treatment the use of antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers and a short course of oral steroids are all recommended.

Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis. An uncommon condition, which affects pre-teen boys.

-          Usually occurs in late spring, in rural areas where dry, dusty, and windy conditions are common.

-          Severe itchiness of the eye is experienced, and the eyes can give out a discharge and the inner surface of the upper eyelids appear ‘cobble stoned’

-          The usual treatment is by a short course of topical steroids, but if left untreated the allergy can lead to impairment of the vision.

For any sufferer of an eye allergy it is important that a correct diagnosis is sought by a visit to an ophthalmologist, each type of allergy can have different effects, and each allergy requires differing kinds of treatment.

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